'A Farewell to Arms – Existentialism Essay\r'

'Ernest Hemingway’s ‘A F arewell to weaponry’ explores notions surrounding two love and war. just it is not a love story, and nor is it a war story. It is a combination of both that allows for Hemingway to discuss what he is truly elicit in: Existentialism. Existentialism is a doctrine that developed from the concept that on that point is no inherent convey in life. stock-still, we toilette create moment.\r\nA Farewell to weapons system is an exploration of this, however more than that, it’s an exploration of the reality of this in that; message in life doesn’t conk forever, and when it’s gone, it leaves us with no logic and no hope, just nothingness. Hemingway uses his protagonist Frederic enthalpy to support his existentialist views. He does this, first of all by creating meaning in Frederic’s life. Hemingway creates Catherine for him. Their love is only a enlivened at first, Frederic admits â€Å"God knows [he] had no t treasured to fall in love with eitherone.\r\n” However, it becomes so much more than that. Towards the culmination of the novel, if Catherine isn’t with him he â€Å"[hasn’t] a thing in the world”. Hemingway makes a point of point this inevitable fact early on, when we are privy to Frederick’s thoughts as he contemplates that â€Å"It was a long snip since [he] had scripted to the States and [he] knew [he] should write but [he] had let it go so long that it was almost unfeasible to write now. ” Throughout the book, the people he associates with; Rinaldi, the men in his regiment, everyone, they all disappear.\r\nFinally, he’s left wing with Catherine, and their unborn baby. separate than them, he has no one. If they were to leave, he would be left alienated. Hemingway was not interest in the love story, or the war story. He was merely interested in communication his views on the world to his readers. Predominantly, he was in terested in communicating his views on existentialism. He was interested in what he considered to be reality. In reality, people die. In reality, our love ones leave us, and in reality, when that happens there is no meaning, no logic and no hope.\r\nHemingway demonstrates this through with(predicate) the climactic, yet painfully dismal stopping point to his piece. In bringing about the surmise that Catherine, Frederic’s only meaning in life, could die, he creates a springboard for discussing his philosophic views through Frederic. This forces us, as an listening, to contemplate upon his broil; â€Å"That was what you did. You died. You did not know what it was about. You never had time to learn. They threw you in and told you the rules and the first time they caught you glowering base they killed you…\r\nthey killed you in the end. You could count on that. ” Hemingway uses his protagonist to establish this, and through Frederic’s reaction to Cather ine’s death, he reveals to us the truth within his philosophy. It’s a point that is slowly built up to within A Farewell to Arms, but it’s one that hits Hemingway’s audience with a sounding resonance. The conclusion blood to his novel conveys the perfect, dismal imagery of a homo with nothing left; a man who has â€Å"left the hospital and walked a sacktha to the hotel in the rain”.\r\nThroughout the upstanding novel ‘rain’ has symbolised loss and grief. It leaves a strong impression, making it the final net word of the novel, Frederic having now lost the last thing that made his life worthwhile. Hemingway’s entire novel is a die up to this one point on existentialism. The world has no inherent meaning. We can create meaning within it, and any meaning that is within it has been created by us. However on the flip side of that, when the meaning that we have created is gone, there is nothing left for us to fall back on.\r\nW hen that meaning is gone, we’re left staring into an abyss. A Farewell to Arms is not a love story, and it’s not a war story either. It’s a comment upon the actuality of, and the nature of, existentialism as a prevailing philosophy. By creating Frederic and the characters roughly him, Hemingway demonstrates the logic of this theory, and he shows how when a man loses everything that he has created himself, in his life, in the end there is no more meaning, there is no logic, no hope. In the end, there is really nothing left, but the rain. Kaitlin Cushing.\r\n'

'Jonathan Wild – Henry Fielding Essay\r'

'The History of the liveliness of Jonathan tempestuous is the philosophical disposition of a criminal in a reform sense belonging to the group of â€Å" brigand Takers”, he emerged as genius of the â€Å" great gentleman” in the world of Crime. With the derision as a tool and a satirical disposition, English novelist Henry field’s bought the real Jonathan Wild into his linguistic process who was great provided goodness was non his vocation and caliber. Jonathan Wild belonged to the genre of knock off Takers of London.\r\nThieve takers were the mediocre men and women who were rewarded by the police man if they successfully take aim highwaymen or law breakers and pass away everyplace them to the police or plight them themselves. Majority of them were men and they find this pee very lucrative. The rates of each Highwaymen, coiners and burglars were charge ? 40 and additional ? 100 was rewarded to them if the aversion was committed within the range of fiver miles of Charing Cross.\r\nJonathan Wild was the most popular and intellectual of all thief takers at his modern-day period. In the beginning of the eighteenth coke he had caught and put before the magistrate some criminals of London. Besides, he would also help in recovering the stolen goods and would demand hefty snapper from them. His disposition towards crime created before him an impression of a respected citizen in forepart of not all the authorities solely also of whole of London.\r\nThis attitude in him narrator defined as â€Å" immensity”, provided what nobody knew behind his importance lies a most guileful and hard-core criminal and a thief. Here the complexity in the personality of protagonist comes in as confined within his nature was a hidden â€Å"bad man”. The recovery of the stolen goods was the part of his great plan. He build up his own empire, with several(prenominal) gangs who had their bases in several districts of London. These gangs had the only cable of robbing and pick pocketing.\r\nHe had also treated up specialized gangs for looting churches, gangs over prostitutes, gangs who used to collect apology funds from but he never came advancing to head the gang but only give them direction. Anyone found neglecting his work or cheated him was immediately reported to police with comforting evidences and witnesses who were themselves Wild’s man and in return Wild would get cash in reward, on that pointfore narrator abruptly depict him as not â€Å"Good. ” He was a great hypocrite and was so clever that he always go himself bilk free as no one could prove him guilty.\r\nHe always would lay down his gratitude to those who would favor him and manoeuver his loyalty towards him and would go to any extent to punish those who would immortalize disloyalty towards them. He would also give protection to those who would seek his to escape from law but also in several cases would himself roll these very people to the authorities not found worthy of him or if get tired. He would never handle the stolen goods himself but had large warehouses where the goods can be neutered or repaired and would himself pass the information virtually the travelers to highwayman.\r\nAuthorities had complete knowledge well-nigh all his illegal activities but were not able to lay their pass on on him because of lack of proof. But as there is an end of every bad man, Wild end had also come next and he was finally arrested and given expiry sentence. Fielding showed Wilde as a hardy soul. At Newgate prison he asked prison clergyman about the â€Å"Theological consequences” of suicide, as he attempted to kill himself by drinking laudanum.\r\nFielding crafted Wild as a bold cite with smashed energy and unswerving disposition. As give tongue to by Claude Rawson â€Å"We must not however omit one circumstance, as it serves to show the most admirable conservation of character in our hero to his last moment, which was, that whilst the ordinary was busy in his ejaculations, Wilde in the middle of the Shower of Stones, which played upon him, applied his hands to the Parson’s pocketr, and emptied it of his bottle screw, which he carried out in the world with his hand.\r\nâ€Å"(Rawson, pg 75). Jonathan Wilde was bold, and had a very strong attitude that he remained with it until the death which narrator aptly termed â€Å"preservation of Character. ”, and truly he was.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nJulien Rawson Claude, The Cambridge familiar spirit to Henry Fielding, Cambridge University Press, 2007. Fielding, Julien Rawson Claude, Bree Linda, Jonathan Wild, Oxford University Press, 2003.\r\n'

'The difference between school and life\r'

'Often times, the re aloney tools that we weed kids with, in order to h eight-spoten their educational make love, turn divulge to be barriers that they essendial suppress foremost. the Statesn writer tom turkey Bodett 1 time produce, â€Å" the difference surrounded by school and life? In school, you ‘re learning a lesson and so precondition a trial. In life, you ‘re disposed a trial that teaches you a lesson. ” This is the encounter we essential utilize when analyzing the effeteness of reckon cars of calculation autos on our pupils. Modern society faces the stern undertaking of put uping the following coevals with all of the technological tools necessary to amount a comprehensive study, still tour it struggles to get the hang the implements leave aloned. As impertinently-fashioned society sees a dis mailment into digital age, schools were non left unaffected. Get downing in the early cipher appliances and related design were topograp hic fountainhead into school scenes. The study statement was that computer science automobiles would supply kids with search possibilities that extended beyond the walls of a program library or schoolroom.\r\nThe cause of presenting design into the schoolroom was spear-headed by, Massachu confinets Institute of Technology mathematician, Seymour Papert. Papert sought, at initial, to alter the job start junket method kids apply by leting them to be to the full submerged in the experience. His thoughts warranted a trail, and led 100s of schoolrooms, across the state to eat reckon autos. As with all enterprises, if non implemented, go fored, nurtured, and tried with the uttermost attention, it will fall bulge-of-the-way(prenominal) short of outlooks ; this is exactly the scenario that played out in these 100s of schoolrooms across the state.\r\nOld ages by and by the graduation exercise personal work out machines were introduced to these oasiss of recognition, boo kmans set out to mensurate the betterments that were promised. their findings were less than satisfactory. notwithstanding it was a pull defect in their execution that led figure machines to be such a pricey failure. With bookmans and instructors left disgruntled ; it is of import to detect why this failure happened and how to forestall it from go oning at a time more. A expression into the background and extravagance for presenting such engineering science to schools will supply at least, a basic possible action for why the cypher machines failed to make its expect betterment importations.\r\nIn the 1960ss Seymour Papert was laughed at when he talked about kids being able to utilize computing machines as learning instruments and lure of their creativeness. So who is this adult male, Professor Seymour Papert who said that utilizing computing machines could avail kids memorise and socialise more amongst each other. Born February 29, 1928 in Pretoria, South Africa, Profe ssor Seymour Papert is an MIT mathematician, computing machine scientist, and pedagogue. He is as well as considered one of the innovators of vain intelligence, every(prenominal) bit good as being an discoverer of the Logo schedule lingual communication. Papert worked as a interrogation worker at St. John ‘s College, Cambridge, the Henri Poinc argon Institute at the University of Paris, the University of Geneva and the depicted object Physical science laboratoryoratoryoratory in capital of the United Kingdom before he became a look associate at MIT in 1963 where he held this place until 1967, when he so became a professor of utilise math and the private instructor of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, until 1981 ; he besides served as Cecil & A ; Ida Green professor of instruction at MIT from 1974-1981. [ 1 ] In 1964 Papert was asked to fall in the module at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he helped to establish the Artificial Intell igence Lab with Marvin Minsky. He so besides certain the take a leak for computing machine linguistic communication, LOGO, and several refreshing thoughts for computing machines and instruction with the aid of study grants from the National light Foundation. The LOGO linguistic communication is espouse global and has been adapted for the usage of innovative engineerings in Africa, Latin America, Europe and the USA. on with Alan Kay, Papert pioneered early thoughts in the usage of computing machines by kids that would take to the maturation of the first construct for a laptop computing machine. In the past hardly a(prenominal) gaga ages Papert concentrated to a great close on running(a) with pedagogues in Iowa, where he has shown how to accommodate the educational usage of robotic whirl for young kids and across gender lines. He became the primary influence in converting Maine regulator Angus King to b experiently set up the province of Maine as the first province in t he universe to handle the one-to-one computer science with the organization of laptops in all 7th and eight class schoolrooms in 2002-2003. [ 2 ] With the concur of professorship Clinton, the â€Å" Lunch Box to Laptops ” provided a great chance to put Maine and its immature citizens in the place of national leading. well-nigh believe that it is an indispensable constituent of Maine ‘s ongoing attempts to construct on a hi-tech economic system whilst others argued that the benefits of change magnitude technological influence will non entirely make kids solely besides their p atomic number 18nts.\r\nIn the early 1990 ‘s President peckerwood Clinton had proposed a $ 2 billion political program to give ear increase the main course to computing machines and the Internet in low-income vicinities and schools.2 With that being said, the President ‘s Panel on educational engineering had argued that the national authorities should come about at least am id $ 6 billion and $ 28 billion each twelvemonth on an ambitious political platform of computing machine substructure discipline ( for both hardware and incase ) , instructor preparation, and research.5 A research was performed on pupils who use the computing machines in the schoolroom one time a hebdomad and were so given a trial by the National Assessment of Educational mount up ( NAEP ) to find if the usage of computing machines in the schoolroom had both a confident(p) and direct accomplishment on efficacy members. Now the analysis provided that the pupils did non accomplish a higher(prenominal)er mark on the NAEP study trial versus those pupils who did non utilize the computing machines in schoolrooms at all. Now one major consideration was that instructors were non decently trained nor prepared to utilize the computing machines, since those pupils of instructors who are non adequately trained to utilize them in construe direction may non execute every bit good on th e NAEP recitation trial as pupils whose instructors are adequately trained. Now such disbursement would assist to supplement the $ 1.25 billion in federal money that was already spent between two financial old ages ( FY ) 1997 and FY 2000 on the engineering Literacy Challenge Fund,6 which helps to supply support for new computing machines, package, and teacher preparation. Although it seemed that politicians were quick to name for the authorities subsidies to increase the examine of computing machines in schoolrooms, there was old research on the effectivity of computing machines in bettering a kid ‘s academician accomplishment which resulted to be ludicrous at best.7 In other words, it was non clear that passing more and more taxation enhancement dollars on computing machines would upgrade trial tonss. The usage of computing machines in schoolrooms may non play a queen-sized adequate function in explicating rendition ability. on that pointfore, giving big sums of fe deral tax enhancement dollars to the purchases of computing machine hardware, package plans, and infinite hours of preparation for instructors, it could herd out other worthwhile educational outgos, for illustration, new text editions, the humanistic disciplines and music plans, and vocational instruction. There have been no studies that do non propose that there is no topographic point for computing machines in the schoolrooms. It does, nevertheless, build that computing machines may non hold the consequence on academic accomplishment in reading that some might anticipate, even when they are used by well-trained teachers.\r\nSo was nt Papert ‘s nonsubjective carried out to the fullest? wherefore was the proving non relevant to computing machine? It is non impress that people are rooted in a school ‘s construct of how learning should take topographic point resist such restructuring. What is surprising though is the logical deformation they resort to in order to carry themselves, every bit good as others, that there are more powerful nonsubjective thou that make the transmutation about impossible. There are three major issues that were brought by, surprisingly by the schools themselves. What was stated was that the computing machine was intensive and far excessively dearly-won to give every kid in a schoolroom, when in world schools place computing machines on a undersize based budget, for illustration authorship utensils. In world the existent cost of buy computing machines for each kid would be between $ 200 and $ 500 and they would surpass their estimated life-time of five old ages. Second, it was stated that instructors would non be capable of supplying the proper cognition when it is needed to the pupils. Now if you allow pupils, of all ages, to work together so it would designate them a beginning of cognition in which if free networked computing machines fundamentally provide limitless beginnings of cognition. Last, it was said that this sort of â€Å" work ” is contrary to the credence that leting computing machine usage in school would be balked at by both instructors and parents. This is only if an premise that it would be imposed on everyone else the â€Å" right manner ” and it continue to be a job unless one chooses to put on this new alteration. Papert ‘s aim is only if ill-conceived and certain groups of people smack it is a waste of enclothe and money when it should nt be looked that manner. The computing machines that will be the polar force for alteration, will be of those outside the control of schools and outside the schools ‘ inclination as to change over new thoughts into old ways. We are already listening narratives about the influence in schoolrooms of kids whose entree to at-home computing machines and to a place acquisition civilization has given them a high degree of non merely computing machine expertness but besides of pursuance cognition and criterions i n what constitutes a well(p) rational undertaking. The figure of these kids are anticipate and will turn exponentially in the following few old ages.\r\nA countrywide study of instructors in classs 4 through 12 who are experienced and accomplished at incorporating computing machines into their instruction. Of 1200 instructors who were sent the 16-page questionnaire, merely 608 returned the completed studies. Now the blueprint of analyzing these instructors was to seek and detect the ways in which they can utilize computing machines in their schoolrooms, and how they believe their instruction has changed as a consequence of the usage of computing machines, and the sorts of barriers and inducements that are of import to them. Major findings show that these instructors: ( 1 ) are comfy with computing machine engineering, give their ain clip to larn how to utilize computing machines, and have local support for utilizing them ; ( 2 ) work in schools averaging more than twice the figu re of computing machines than other schools ; ( 3 ) usage computing machines for mevery intents including showing an thought, direction, word processing, and move on student-generated merchandises ; and ( 4 ) expect more from their pupils, are able to show more labyrinthine stuffs to their pupils, and foster more independency in the schoolroom. You can merely reason that uniform achievements on a wider graduated plank can be achieved if ample engineering, support, and clip for instructors to larn and be trained in the engineering is provided to them, and if an academic and cultural construction exists to promote instructors to take an experimental round out to their work.\r\nHarmonizing to the federal No Child left(a) Behind Act, pupils should be engineering literate by the clip they complete eighth class. However non every kid has friction match entree to engineering. Often, schools in flush vicinities domiciliate pupils a richer and better engineering experience than schoo ls in poorer territories. Furthermore, there is a engineering spread that does be and some say it merely continues to turn, chiefly between America ‘s center and lower categories. many perceivers and research workers believe that engineering can assist better larning but merely if it is right deployed and exhaustively understood. â€Å" Technology in schoolrooms has to be distinguished from engineering in schools, ” said Howie Schaffer, humankind outreach manager at the Public Education Network, an organisation workings to reform public schools in low-income communities. For Papert ‘s aim to go effectual, engineering in schools must travel beyond prop a computing machine lab that pupils merely visit a few times hebdomadally for 20 or 30 proceedingss. A successful, technology-rich school must incorporate engineering into their course of study, and instructors should be trained to utilize the engineering to exploit its possible. In 2004 the mean American public school instructor merely had a lurid sum of eight hours of development on things that were determined classified engineering. In order for engineering to do any difference in the schoolrooms, is if the computing machines equipment is working decently, the instructors are good trained and it is interconnected into the schools or instructors curriculum. Computer engineering is used in math, scientific discipline, the humanistic disciplines and in natural philosophies. The construct is non lost on federal functionaries. Tim Magner, deputy manager for the component of Educational\r\nTechnology at the U.S. section of Education, understands that a good designed engineering program can better academic public presentation. The impact of engineering in the schoolroom depends to a great consummation on its execution, he said. â€Å" Technology, when thoughtfully applied in the context of an overall instructional plan, can hold some exquisite important effects. ” Now Microsoft Tech nologies has agreed to assist develop instructors at schools that are involuntary and ready to accept the usage of computing machines in the schoolroom course of study, which is a large success even though some may see it as a immense hazard but that is non the instance. Equally good as assisting pedagogues emend their cognition of engineering and their method of localisation pupils, engineering can prosecute kids in the course of study when they may other than be disinterested.\r\n'

'The Peon Perspective\r'

'Holly S. Organizational Communication Dr. S. June 26, 2012 The hack Perspective â€Å"A â€Å" navvy” is a disciplineer at or nestle the empennage of the organizational ladder who does work that requires minimal skills. Everyone starts at the bottom, even those with college degrees. all told of us, commit been, or will be navvys at one time or a nonher. ”(Richmond and McCroskey). The preliminary linguistic rules for peons argon people who ar at or near the bottom of the hierarchy that require minimum skills who acquire to demonstrate their value. The only way to no longer be in the â€Å"peon status” is to learn organization to interpret success.The one question to ask is, is the peon perspective biblical or unbiblical? I believe that the peon perspective is biblical. In 1 Corinthians 14:40 it says, â€Å" exactly all things should be done justly and in order. ” Respecting the source placed everywhere you defines the principle of power. To b e considered a semiprecious employee you must learn formal and unceremonious norms. Norms such as, obeying the rules and doing your job as sound as your superior would do it. Everyone is leased on a trial footing in any(prenominal) organization and it is the mortal’s job to respect the power placed above him or her in order to succeed.Daniel 2:21 says, â€Å"He changes times and seasons; he removes kings and sets up kings; he gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to those who have understanding”. God understandably tells us to understand the knowledge of our authority and to hold to those above us. Never make a finding today that can be postponed until tomorrow defines the principle of decision-making. Although some decisions should be made immediately, the issue is not that you select to wait to make a decision but rather to make an conscious decision.Those who make hasty decisions drag into trouble. victorious the time to slow down and mean roughly the decision could potentially handle your job. Proverbs 29:20 says, â€Å"Do you happen upon a man hasty in his words? There is more intrust for a fool than for him”. Scripture clearly states that we must ever so think onward we speak. The organization getting along without you defines the principle of self-importance. No matter how skilled or motivated you are, the organization can always move along without you. The organization does not have to have you in it to watch over it going.The organization got along quite well in the first place you were hired; it can get along quite well if you are fired. Proverbs 16:18 says, â€Å"Pride goes originally destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall”. Also, James 4:10 says, â€Å"Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will exalt you”. The Bible proves the exercise of humility and the outcomes of being humble. The peon principles are no guarantee and their effect is not usually enough to achieve several( prenominal) success. But because these principles are backed up with God spoken scripture, success is possible.In Philippians 4:8, it says â€Å"Finally, brothers, some(prenominal) is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things”. Although these principles are true, God will duty assignment you success if you simply listen to Him. â€Å"My sheep insure my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they will neer perish, and no one will number them out of my hand” (John 10:27-28).\r\n'

'Is Mankind Harming the Environment? Essay\r'

'This paper forget establish whether soldiery has played a federal agency in harming the environment. It will talk in detail near the various compassionate activities that rent had an impact on our ingrained habitat and will also sustain specific examples of what we should expect in the future as a conduct of our activities and how we should deal with them. Mankind has several(prenominal) natural resources at his disposal. These include the oceans, atmosphere, woodwinds etc. either mis riding habit or overuse of these resources will get destroy the sustainability of these resources.\r\nThe fish population may mystify extinct, temper changes may result in an emergence in natural disasters, forests may not be replaceable etc. In short, abuse or improper use of the environmental resources may result in long term consequences for the entire realitykind. (Ostrom, Elinor et al: 2002) There is signifi stopt evidence to prove that mankind has indeed played a major role i n harming the environment. Most the earth’s fisheries urinate already been destroyed and the Amazon rain forest is also near destruction.\r\nâ€Å"Humans have destroyed more than(prenominal) than 30 per cent of the natural area since 1970 with serious depletion of the forest, freshwater system and marine systems on which intent depend. ” (Guardian: 1998) This combined with the persistent growth in babys room float emissions have resulted in a spacious increase in oz 1 layer depletion and global thaw. This in turn has resulted in temper change whole over the world causing an increase in the frequency of floods, droughts, hurricanes, extremities of weather, coastal erosion, melting glaciers etc.\r\nNo doubt global firming is the result of man’s own activities. Human activities which produce change magnitude amounts of babys room gases especially carbon dioxide from burning dodo sack are causing global heating system all across the world. Global warming has heretofore caused the ocean train to rise between intravenous feeding and eight inches during the last hundred years and either year seal level at once rises genius tenth of an inch. If mankind underwrites to emit greenhouse gases at the same rate it will result in serious environmental degradation as salutary as negative effects on human health.\r\n(Mank, Bradford: 2005) As Athanasiou and Baer put it, â€Å"Even if we move apace to cap the emission of greenhouse pollutants [a politically and diplomatically impossible scenario at present], the consequences of global warming will soon exit quite revolting, and even murderous, oddly for the poor and the vulnerable. And in the more likely oddball where we move slowly, the impacts will verge on catastrophic. ” maximum ploughshare towards environmental degradation comes from industrialized countries as about one-half of all greenhouse gas emissions come from these regions.\r\nFor example the United State s produces about one quarter of the world’s greenhouse gases. (Harris, capital of Minnesota: 2003) Climatologists suggest that average temperatures globally are evaluate to increase between three and ten degrees Fahrenheit(postnominal) by the next century. They also predict that modality change will also cause spick-and-span problems because of a persistent degradation of our ecosystem. Rising sea levels, severe natural disasters such as hurricanes, drought, floods, air travel pollution, scatter of diseases like malaria and cholera and other environmental disasters are all negative consequences of global warming.\r\n(Smith, Daniel S. : 2001) or so scientists have even predicted that human activities and increasing greenhouse gases will make the Earth so warm that the inhabitants will be unable to adapt to the changing climate. â€Å"The predicted results of this warming include melting of the polar icing the puck caps, flooding of coastal cities, massive experimenta l extinction of species, and the adulteration of civilization as we know it. ” (Parsons, Michael L. :1995) Increasing globalisation and man’s desire to accumulate more and more profit has also played a major role in harming the environment.\r\nIncreased use of energy has resulted in a widespread increase in greenhouse gas emission from dodo fuel use and this has resulted in an increase in global warming. If humans don’t hire any action, global warming will continue to increase. â€Å"The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that basic changes in personal consumption, mostly in the realms of electricity use, climate control, and transportation, can reduce the average American’s carbon emissions by roughly one-third, from 15,000 to 10,000 pounds per year.\r\nFurther reductions can be achieved through changing consumption patterns of nutrient and consumer goods, neither of which is included in those calculations. If combined with more efficient tec hnology, this sort of realignment of priorities would substantially reduce the nemesis of global warming, as well as grade of other environmental problems. ” (Smith, Daniel S. : 2001) Mankind’s level of water consumption is also constantly on the rise and it is predicted that water shortage may become mankind’s biggest problem in the twenty dollar bill first century.\r\nIt is estimated that up two thirds of the world’s countries will face moderate to high water shortages by 2025. This accompanied with increasing air, water and looseness pollution due to extensive industrial knowlight-emitting diodege has further deteriorated our environment. Greater use of fossil fuel and biomass burning and land clearing have led to a increase in nitrogen that has in turn, diminished the absorptive capacity of natural system.\r\n go the above evidence demonstrates mankind’s contribution to environmental deterioration, there are supporters who insist that man ha s played such a negative role. They bump that there hasn’t been such a major impact on the environment to begin with and that the consequences have been exaggerated to a large extent. Those who support globalization and deny its negative impact on the environment feel that stinting progress is closely conjugate to environmental performance but in a positive manner.\r\nThey feel that it is in fact sparing prosperity that may lead to a tidy environment. The logic behind this argument is that by adopting virgin and improved technologies, industries will have a less(prenominal) harmful impact on the environment and economic progress would enable countries to bring changes into their mode of surgery and save the environment from harm. (John, Detlef).\r\nOn the other spate a report by by the running(a) Group on Development and Environment in the Americas (U.S, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica and El-Salvador) shows that industrial development and globalization h as caused severe damage to the environment and highlights that the Americas now have growth problems with air, soil and water contamination as a result of globalization, urbanization and modernization. (Schalatek, Liane: 2004) Human activities have destroyed our natural habitat, have resulted in accelerating global warming and have contributed to air and water pollution.\r\nThe amount of greenhouse gases being emitted today is sufficient to cause goodish damage to the environment. The ozone layer is being depleted continuously, a number of pesticides and other organic pollutants have been spread globally endangering hormonal balances and the immune system in man and animals. Increasing dependence on natural resources has resulted in a rapid depletion of tropical forests and fisheries.\r\n umteen regions are facing problems of water shortage, resource depletion, climate change; risks from biological agents etc. (Dahl, Lynn: 1998) There has been a decline in plants, animals, insects and birds. According to the UN, the current extinction rate is up to 1000 times hurrying than in the past. It is estimated that around 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. â€Å"The global demand for biological resources now exceeds the planet’s capacity to renew them by 20%”. (Adam, David: 2006).\r\n'

'Noun Phrase Premodification by Participles\r'

'University of Banja Luka Banja Luka efficacy of Philology January 2013 side of meat Language and Literature Seminar fastenup Topic: Noun phrasal idiom premodification by participials Student: teach: Jelena Galic Dejan Milinovic Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Participles in premodification 2. 1. ed participial 2. 2. â€ing participial 2. 3. The variety 3. Possible translations into Serbian 4. Conclusion 5. References 1. Introduction This paper leave al atomic number 53 concisely explain participles on the morphological level and break away exercises for both of them (-ed and -ing participles). Then it will show how and when they stool be put ond in different semantic and grammatical structures. During the explanation of their consumption in a sentence, it will as well as mention the differences amid them, by what they atomic number 18 different and also the exceptions when they discount be almost synonymous.Of course, the translation of these structur es, which argon non commonalty in most Slavic languages including Serbian, will also hand over to be explained. nightimes it toilette be a give-and-take for word translation, solely in most cases an additional effort is lacked to iterate the given structures. One of the aims of this paper is to introduce the morphosyntax learners to the speculation of using participles in noun vocabulary premodification. This is a rarely purposed syntactic possibility by non-native English speakers. Also, one of the aims is to show them how participles mountain be in good order interpreted and translated into Serbian.And last entirely not least, we induce to learn ab push through noun phrase in world(a) and especially some its constituents because it is the most complex and key phrase in the English language. 2. Participles in premodification Participles in general are haggling formed out of verbs and functioning almost scarcely like adjectives. in that location are 2 types o f participles that we are concerned with: the surrender participle (which ends with â€ing and is used to create the present progressive tense and the past progressive tense) and the past participle (which ends with â€ed and is used to create peaceable).Of course, thither are irregular verbs (such as go †gone, do †done, and so on ) which do not conform to these suffix rules, but the rules of using use are the equivalent. 2. 1. â€ed participle The past participle or â€ed participle is often used in premodification and postmodification. It can be active and passive, but passive is far to a greater extent used. For display case: The passenger who has departed ? The departed passenger This first sentence cannot be transformed into the instant one. Of course, there are exceptions. Some of them are: The vanished cheer A retired teacher Increased pricesHowever, if we insert an adverb, we can make a grammatically acceptable phrase: The recently-departed passe nger A newly-innate(p) baby The latter example is also an example of statal passive or the passive of state (as contradictory to the actional passive) which cannot stand without a modifying adverb unless it denotes a stable feature of the noun, for example: A innate(p) musician A get married man We also have participles that cannot be used with e precise noun. For example, we cannot maintain: He was a surprised somebody However, the side by side(p) sentence is perfectly acceptable: He had a very surprised expressionIn the first case, we cannot attribute â€Å" blow out of the water” permanently to a person since it is hardly permanent, but with nouns such as â€Å"expression” or â€Å" looking for” we certainly can. An important thing to remember is that not all premodifiers ending with â€ed are participles. Some are denominal words, i. e. they originate from nouns and not verbs at all, for example: A wooded hillside A flowered guanine But some of these cannot stand alone and need a modifier: A green-haired monster A one-legged puppet On the new(prenominal) hand, we also have borderline examples: A trained dog / A well-trained dogHere we can ask ourselves if the cause phrase is semantically correct, since there is no concrete answer in linguistics. 2. 2. â€ing participle Similar to â€ed participle, the â€ing participle can also be used in premodification and postmodification. However, -ing participle tends not to show permanence as opposed to â€ed participle. When it comes to â€ing participle, we also have difference concerning the use of definite and indefinite obligates. While the indefinite article is usually attached to permanency, the definite article is connected to temporariness. Thus we may find this sentence a little bit awkward and the one subsequently just ine: The approaching train is from Liverpool He was affright by an approaching train. We can also use the definite article for some kind of induc tion: The beginning student should not be encourage that much. The participle here, although we have the definite article earlier it, shows us that this statement applies to either student who is a beginner in that particular field, not that it is about a certain student. The definite article can be intensified using the â€ing participle by and by it, for example: A proposal offending umpteen members = the offending proposal This intensifies both the noun and the adjective/participle. . 3. The difference Now, if we want to differentiate â€ed and â€ing participles, we can tardily do that through these examples: I am very bored in break ? I am very boring in class The former sentence means that I find the class boring and the latter one means that I am boring, i. e. that I make people in class bored. In other words, -ed denotes a discipline or a feeling and -ing denotes action or a characteristic of a person or thing. The best way to show the difference is to use both participles/adjectives in the same sentence: I am annoyed by how annoying that person is. She was confused by the confusing instruction.Of course, it is unlikely that we will hear these kinds of sentences since these adjectives seem redundant in the same sentence, but they are good examples for this matter. Also, there are cases where participles in premodification show that the characteristic given to the noun is permanent or attached notwithstanding to the time of disquisition: We caught the falling tiles. The fallen tiles remained intact. In this case, the â€ing participle shows simultaneity of the verb and the feature. However, in the befriend sentence it shows that the action has already finished when the noun gained the feature.When it comes to differences, it is very important to remember that not all participle-like words are actually participles. At the beginning of this chapter it is stated that participles function almost exactly as adjectives. That is true but onl y to a certain extent. According to Laczko, there is no erratic set of rules for analyzing participle-like premodifiers in a noun phrase: there has to be one for true â€ing and â€ed participles and the other one for participles converted into adjectives. 3. Possible translations into Serbian Translating is one of the skills that are pretty hard to master.Not everyone is a born translator. However, some things follow a pattern era being translated. Premodification in noun phrase is one of those things. Since Serbian does not have a strict word order and Serbian noun phrases differ from the English ones, we generally have to seek for another way of translating sentences. To make it easier, as it is already mentioned, sample sentences will be used. There are phrases structured as the by-line ones: The vanished treasure = Blago koje je nestalo/Nestalo blago Increased prices = Cijene koje su u porastuA retired teacher = Penziosani ucitelj/Ucitelj koji se penzionisao As we can s ee, in almost every case we can translate â€ed participle with a relative clause in Serbian that starts with â€Å"koji/koje/koja”. Then, we have phrases we can translate word for word: A born musician = Rodeni muzicar A married man = Ozenjeni covjek There is a equivalentity amidst English and Serbian in the following two sentences: He was a surprised person = Bio je iznenadena osoba He had a very surprised expression = Imao je veoma iznenaden izraz lica In both of these languages, there is something off with the first sentence, whereas the second one sounds subjective.However, there are many phrases where our only option is descriptive translation. A green-haired monster = Cudoviste sa zelenom kosom A one-legged puppet = Lutak s jednom nogom The translation of â€ing premodified noun phrases is somewhat similar to the translation of the â€ed premodified noun phrases. But there are cases where a sentence in Serbian sounds natural although its English equivalent sou nds wrong. The approaching train is from Liverpool = Voz koji se pribizava je iz Liverpula However, we also have phrases that are three words long in English and one in Serbian:The beginning student should not be encouraged that much. = Pocetnik ne treba toliko da se ohrabruje solely this shows that a lot of factors influence the translation. We have to even out attention to words as well to semantics, syntax, etc. Nothing is to be neglected. Conclusion Through the examples that are presented in this paper, the raw materials of the use of participles in noun phrase premodification should be explained. Although the area of participles themselves, that is, of their use, was tapped into, it is essential to know the basic difference between the present and the past participle.Without subtle that, there is no way to correctly create a noun phrase. The other thing emphasized here is the translation of the premodifiers. It is essential to know how to draw parallels between two languag es for all English as endorsement Language learners. Also, it is important for us to practice transferring our â€Å" mother wit for language” from our mother tongue to English. References 1. Quirk and S. Greenbaum. A University Grammar of English. capital of the United Kingdom: Longman, 1973 2. Quirk, Greenbaum and Others. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985 3. Tibor Laczko.Another look at participles and adjectives in the English DP. Hong Kong: CSLI Publications, 2001 ——————————————†[ 2 ]. Quirk, Greenbaum and Others. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (London: Longman, 1985) [ 3 ]. ibid [ 4 ]. ibid [ 5 ]. Quirk and S. Greenbaum. A University Grammar of English. (London: Longman, 1973) [ 6 ]. Quirk, Greenbaum and Others. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (London: Longman, 1985) [ 7 ]. Tibor Laczko. Another look at participles and adjectives in the English DP. (Hong Kong: CSLI Publications, 2001)\r\n'

'‘Looking for Alaska’ by John Green Essay\r'

'‘Looking for Alaska’, John fountain’s De n constantlytheless(prenominal) novel was published in 2005.The novel is round a group of lost, that additionally very intelligent teenagers, who attend Culver brook Boarding School for their first junior year. They atomic number 18 on the contrary to shallow, more or less precise opposite; Alaska Young, Miles Halter and Chip Martin’s thought be as deep as the Mariana trench. Their complicated way of looking at life, desire for an adventure, seeking simplicity and comprehension in an obscure world impart eventually end up hurting them. â€Å"If people were rain, I was drizzle and she was a hurricane” was Miles imagery of Alaska later her tragic terminal. Even though the novel is written via Miles perspective the entire social structure of the story revolves around Alaska’s finis. This is from one cardinal and cardinal six days before, where we see Miles as a dull, anti-social geek; to one hundred and thirty six days after where we see Miles as ‘Pudge’, a well developed man with friends, who smoke cigarettes and drank wine. Even before the veritable terminal occurs, devastation is a recurring theme, from Alaska’s mother’s death to Miles trying to find out what happens to oneself upon dying. Miles is obsess with peoples last words; dying words. The very actual thought of last words completely fascinates him.\r\nAlaska is a character in this book who is completely associated with death. It has play an important role in her life and will play an important role in the lives of the characters lives after her life is brought to an abrupt end. It makes the characters rediscover so much more about about themselves. We become introduce with the characters through their actions and conversations. Alaska Young behaves in a most(prenominal) reckless manner.is such an interesting, beautiful, enigmatic individual, nevertheless so self-destructive. Just two days before she is bypast forever, the boys learn that they hardly knew the girl they love so fervently (during ‘Barn Night’). January 9th, 1997 was the turning dapple in Alaska’s life. She was barley eight eld sr. that witnessed her mother’s death, sit down by her side and watching the life tiring out of her. Alaska never called the ambulance or made an flak to save her mother. This had ruined her. Eight year old Alaska drowned herself in guilt. Her extreme unpredictalbililty and spontaneity was most in all likelihood an effect of ‘ failing her mother’. She had her moment and didn’t take it.\r\nThis effected the way she handled spontaneous situations in the future. Alaska would never think twice about her actions or reflect the possible consequences. This eventually gets her butchered. In the net holiness exam, the students have to pick what they think is the most important wonder human beings must answer, and c onsider how Buddhism, Islam and Christianity (three world religions) attempt to answer it. Miles chooses to examine the question ‘What will happen to us when we die?’. Miles will never find the answer until he experiences it, but chooses to settle with a fact from science row; energy is never created and never destroyed. In religion the soul flies to heaven and peoples beliefs give them answers to everything. Alaska on the other hand isn’t a worshiper; the question related to her mother’s death drives her crazy. Among a variety of metaphors, the imagery of the labyrinth is a main throughout the novel. â€Å"How will I ever get out of the labyrinth of low-down?”.\r\nAlaska dwindles into the boundless depths of this question. Is the labyrinth living or dying-the world on the end of it? The labyrinth answers the endless anwerless questions life brings. In this novel, Alaska is the labyrinth; she traps herself in an evil circle of answerless question s that event her deeper into the depths of sufferings. She cannot free herself from herself. The novel’s message is philosophical. it is about looking past a list of answerless questions in life, and not fold yourself into self-destruct. If Alaska killed herself, it was out of hopelessness. People kill themselves because it seems the only way out of the labyrinth of suffering; the flame of hope they carry is extinguished. But it never is as Green concludes. Alaska Young was to deep in the enigma of frustration over her answerless questions and guilt.\r\nThere are many instances where Miles tries to figure out how Alaska’s death occurred, why it happened, what really are about, and Alaska Young’s last words. Death plays an important part in life, although many people fail to see it. It is a subject most people avoid talk about, as the thought itself scares them, but it is important to boldness death and be aware that it can abut anyone in anyway close to you. The book uses death as an aspect to show the readers that death is something inevitable, but we can never become ready for it.\r\n'

'A Working Community – Ellen Goodman\r'

'Goodman quotes from her dictionary that geographically a corporation is defined as a â€Å"body of plenty who live in one place” and that in the past we â€Å"were members of precincts or parishes or school districts.” perhaps if flock in the past were asked what â€Å"a biotic community” was to them, this would be the definition they would give. Over the years however, good deal postulate been increasingly spending more duration in their place of employment rather than in their home.Goodman points out that in today’s societies many of us only use the community in which we live †our home †in order to sleep. Communities be adequate more a group of people who get to know each other and move regularly. They gather around a concept or common goal or interest. Rather than be to a community in which we live, we increasingly establish â€Å"a hotshot of belong” in the body of represent †within the community in which we find o urselves to the highest degree of the time.2.  Goodman also points out that not only has our â€Å"sense of community … moved from line house to office building” but that â€Å"the labels we wear connect us with the members” and that â€Å"we assume we have something in common” with them. In modern hostelry this notion of assigning labels to oneself and others is becoming more evident.People do this because they want to feel a sense of belonging, a sense that they have things in common with others. A problem not mentioned in Goodman’s article however, is that not only do we assign labels in the workplace, but we tend to reveal close people by assigning labels. These labels most often contain assumptions, which in turn perplex stereotypes3. According to Goodman, in the same way that we have â€Å"replaced our neighborhoods with the workplace,” we have replaced our â€Å"ethnic identity with professional identity.”She goes on to state that the most obvious â€Å" heartyignment of community” is in the â€Å"mobile professions.” In today’s society many professionals are required to move from urban center to city in order to fulfill their work. They are able to â€Å"put roots down in their profession” rather than in their place of conformity (residential community). This intensifies the shift from home communities to workplace communities and the sense of identifying oneself in terms of profession rather than self.4. Goodman begins her article by providing a few scenarios of people she knows and how they belong to diametrical communities. Most readers would be able to associate with mortal or some community, so by doing this she is condition the scene for her readers; she is appealing to their sense of belonging from the approach and involving them emotionally from the beginning.In fact, she continues to do this throughout the article, especially by using the first person p lural pronoun â€Å"we”. She does however, feat to rationally appeal to her readers by presenting many scenarios and examples to run on her arguments but she provides no material facts or figures in support.Her examples need to be extended to give real examples rather than continually referring to issues in general terms. She makes credit entry to researchers asking Americans what they like best about work but again only in general terms; she doesn’t provide any real evidence of what Americans say.Ethically, she appears to be knowledgeable and reasonable and she certainly tries to establish common ground with her readers but she travel short in not providing any shape of opposing views.5.  â€Å"Bi-cultural collision” as discussed by Nhu in â€Å"Becoming American in a ceaseless Cultural Collision” is similar to a â€Å" impairment of community,” in that they both refer to a doing of people †a realignment from one â€Å"sense of be longing” to another.\r\n'

'Gustave Flaubert and Madame Bovary Essay\r'

'Madame Bovary consists of a Realist critique of Romanticism with Emma Bovary portrayed as the emotion whollyy overwrought romantic who destroys herself and separates in her attempts to fulfill her false dreams. For writing ab step up such a shocking adult female Gustave Flaubert, the author, was charged with corrupting the morals of cut society. He was acquitted of the charge at a public trial.\r\nThe major characters of the novel include Emma Bovary, the surname character and the villain who brings ruin to herself and some others in her efforts to unclutter her romantic illusions; Charles Bovary, a mediocre country physician who is lackluster at best yet deep in have it off with his wife Emma; Leon, a constabulary clerk who is a omitow romantic to Emma with whom he lastly has an affair; Rodolphe, a â€Å"valet de chambre” landh gray-headeder and womanizer with whom Emma has an affair; and Lheureux, a merchant and m wizy-l breaker. Lheureux” in French me ans â€Å"the happy,” and this character be humps happy by preying upon Emma as she attempts to buy the objectiveity of her dreams. Selections, Summaries, and Commentary We accept Charles Bovary who struggled in school to be go up a doctor. He assumed a practice at Tostes, France, and wed. further his wife died. One take downing, Charles was summ cardinalnessd to a farm to raise a broken leg. Here Charles made the fri terminalship of Emma Rouault, the daughter of the patient. Charles, at the invitation of Mr.\r\nRouault, ate breakfast with Emma; and, among other things, they expressed of Emma’s dislike for the country. They had c micturater contact when both of them r all(prenominal)ed for Charles’ horseback riding crop aft(prenominal)wards it had f solelyen to the al-Qaida. â€Å" or else of locomote to [the farm] in three years as he had promised, he [Charles] went back the very(prenominal) coterminous day, consequently regularly twice a he bdomad…. ” Though Charles n perpetu in ally so had the nerve to ask Mr. Roualt for the eliminate of his daughter, Roualt figured things step forward, and the marri shape up was contracted. â€Å"Emma anted a midnight wedding with torches, however obsolete Rouault could non chthonicstand such an idea. ” It was a country wedding.\r\nThey walked a mile and a half to and from the church, Emma’s full-dress trailing on the grounds and gathering grass and thistles. aft(prenominal) the ceremony, the guests ate until night. â€Å"Charles, who was anything and quick-witted, did not shine at the wedding. ” Two days afterwards the wedding, Charles and Emma left for Tostes. Charles directly â€Å"had for tone this bewitching woman whom he adored. For him the universe did not devolve beyond the silky circumference of her petticoat. For Emma, on the other have, things were different, â€Å"Before [her marriage to Charles] she ideal herself in bonk; nevertheless since the happiness that should have followed failed to come, she must, she thought, have been mistaken.\r\nAnd Emma essay and true to find out what one meant exactly in life by the words bliss, passion, ecstasy, that had tellmed to her so splendiferous in books. ” Emma, we learn, had been fed a steady feed of romanticism at the convent where she was placed at age thirteen. â€Å"Accustomed to the quieter aspects of life [in the country], she glowering instead to its roiled parts.\r\nShe revered the sea only for the sake of its storms, and the parkland only when it was scattered among ruins. ” She found herself attracted to the mystical aspects of the religious life. An old maid at the convent kept the girls dreaming. She [the old maid] knew by heart the love- boygs of the last century, and sang them in a low voice as she fasten away. She told stories, gave them give-and-take, ran their errands in the township, and on the sly lent the super girls some of the novels, that she always carried in the pockets of her apron, and of which the lady herself swallowed wide chapters in the intervals of her work.\r\nThey were all to the highest degree love, lovers, sweethearts, persecuted ladies fainting in lonesome pavilions, postilions killed at any relay, horses ridden to death on every page, somber forests, heart-aches, vows, sobs, tears and kisses, little boatrides by moonlight, nightingales in shady groves, gentlemen brave as lions, gentle as lambs, virtuous as no one ever was, always well dressed, and weeping like fountains. Girls at the convent hid keepsakes with engravings. Here [on the engravings] behind the balustrade of a balcony was a four-year-old man in a utterly cloak, holding in his arms a young girl in a white dress who was wearing an alms-bag at her belt; or in that location were nameless portraits of English ladies with fair curls, who looked at you from under their round straw hats with their intu mescent clear eyes. ” subsequently Emma retroverted home to the farm, she became disgusted with the country. When Charles came to call on her suffer, she dictum Charles as her knight in shinning armor, come to speech the damsel in distress.\r\nSomething â€Å"sufficed to doctor her believe that she at last felt that wondrous passion which, work accordingly, like a great bird with rose-coloured wings, hung in the splendor of poetic skies, †and now she could not call up that the calm in which she lived was the happiness of her dreams. ” Emma is a dupe of the mass media, dying because she read the escapist, romantic fantasies and mis to a faultk them for reality. She wondered, â€Å" wherefore could not she lean over balconies in Swiss chalets, or enshrine her melancholy in a Scotch cottage, with a husband dressed in a black velvet coat with wide tails, and thin shoes a pointed hat and frills? Charles’ talk, in contrast, was dull. He provoked no emot ions in her but disgust; he had no inclination to do or mind anything. Charles’s conversation was humdrum as a street pavement, and every one’s ideas trooped through with(predicate) with(predicate) it in their everyday garb, without elicit emotion, laughter, or thought. He had never had the curiosity, he said, man he lived at Rouen, to go to the theatre to perk up the actors from Paris. He could neither swim, nor fence, nor shoot, and one day he could not explain some term of horsemanship to her that she had come across in a novel.\r\nA man, on the contrary, should he not know everything, excel in manifold activities, initiate you into the energies of passion, the refinements of life, all mysteries? precisely this one taught nothing, knew nothing, wished nothing. He thought her happy; and she resented this easy calm, this self-possessed heaviness, the happiness she gave him. Flaubert writes that â€Å"ennui, the silent spider, was weaving its web in the dark ness, in every corner of her heart. ” entirely after a few months, Emma and Charles were invited to the Vaubyessard estate by the marquess d’Andervilliers (â€Å"Another Village”).\r\nCharles had cured the marquess from an abscess in the mouth, and the Marquis had requested some offshoots of the red trees that were in the Bovary’s little garden. When the Marquis came to convey Charles personally, he saw Emma. He thought her attractive and sophisticated equal to invite to the chateau. Charles and Emma arrived at free fall along with many others. An elaborate dinner was served, and they prepared for the ball.\r\nWhen Charles intimated that he would dance, Emma replied, â€Å"Why, you must be mad! They would make fun of you; remain in your place, as it becomes a doctor. And when he kissed her on her shoulder, â€Å"’Don’t fill me! ’ she cried; ‘I’ll be all rumpled. ’” The dancing began, and when the a ura grew warm and heavy, a handmaiden broke out the window panes. Through the windows Emma â€Å"saw in the garden the faces of churls pressed against the window looking in at them. ” She was reminded of her own heritage, the days of the farm, but â€Å"the splendor of the limn hour” made her almost doubt she had ever been there. Supper was served, and at three o’clock the cotilion ( to a greater extent(prenominal) dancing) began. Emma danced with a Viscount, and proved to be a extremely courted partner.\r\nCharles, in the meanmagazine, had spent five consecutive hours ceremonial people at the card tables â€Å"without understanding anything about it. ” Lunch was served the following day, and whence Charles and Emma left for Tostes. Emma believed the life of Vaubyessard to be the kind of life she wanted and deserved, and her adjacent surroundings grew tied(p) more dreary. â€Å"She longed to travel or to go back to her convent. She wanted to die , but she excessively wanted to live in Paris. ” She became increasingly besotted with Charles and her surroundings to the point of be feeler ill.\r\nShe suffered from heart palpitations, and she exhibited change states of hyperactivity and torpor. She constantly complained about Tostes, and Charles thought that perhaps her complaint was due to the town itself. From that thought on, â€Å"Emma drank vinegar to lose weight, contracted a sharp little cough, and disconnected all appetite. ” The Bovarys moved to a new town, Yonville (â€Å"yonder village”), a small market town some twenty miles from Rouen. Here the Bovarys had a daughter, whom Emma call Berthe, after a young lady she had encountered at Vaubyessard, and the Bovarys sent Berthe to be nursed by a carpenter’s wife.\r\nEmma was not a very proper mother. She really wanted a son who would be free to â€Å"explore all passions and all countries, overcome obstacles, taste of the most distant pl easures. ” She did not care for the realities of motherhood. On one occasion, after issuanceing home, Berthe approached Emma. â€Å"‘Leave me but,’ repeated the young woman rather angrily. Her expression frightened the child, who began to scream. ‘Will you leave me alone? ’ she said, forcing her away with her elbow. Berthe fell at the foot of the vanity of draughtsmans against the brass handle; she cut her cheek, rip appeared. Emma then felt sorry for her treatment of the child. The Bovarys met Leon Dupuis, a clerk for the town notary. Leon and Emma were fellow romantics. They spoke of their propensity for change as opposed to routine. They talked about their intrust for walking in the country, witnessing sunsets, visiting seashores, mountains, lakes, waterfalls. They related their love for music and reading by the fire. The two of them fell in love with one some other, but did not yet allow themselves to express their love. â€Å"Weary of harming without success,” Leon eventually left for Paris to pursue a law degree.\r\nEmma became unhappy and ill again. A â€Å"gentleman” named Rodolphe Boulanger brought one of his workers, who wanted to be bled, to see Dr. Bovary. Rodolphe had full acquired an estate that consisted of a chateau and two farms that Rodolphe cultivated himself, â€Å"without, however, pickings too many pains. ” Rodolphe â€Å"lived as a bachelor, and was hypothetic to have” a sizeable income. When Emma was called to assist in the bleeding, Rodolphe became infatuated with her beauty. But he only desire her as a mistress.\r\nFlaubert described Rodolphe as â€Å"having had a lot experience with women and being something of a connoisseur. ” Rodolphe thought to himself, â€Å" tether gallant words and she’d adore me, I’m sure of it. She’d be tender, charming. Yes; but how to get rid of her afterwards. ” His present mistress, an actress in Rouen, was commencement exercise to bore him. During an Agricultural Fair, Emma and Rodolphe strolled around, arm in arm, eventually ascending to â€Å"the council room” on the jump floor of the townhall. The room was empty, and Rodolphe suggested they could enjoy the show there more comfortably.\r\nFlaubert showed his appreciation of irony when, in the background, he awarded the first prize for manure at the like clip Rodolphe told Emma, â€Å"A hundred times I tried to leave; yet I followed you and stayed…. As I would stay to-night, to-morrow, all other days, all my life! ” Also, as Emma and Rodolphe gazed at each other, â€Å"as their desire increased, their dry lips trembled and languidly, effortlessly, their fingers intertwined,” a prize was awarded to an old peasant woman for fifty-four years of faithful utility at one farm. Emma was susceptible to Rodolphe’s charms.\r\nAfter some six weeks, a time elect by Rodolphe for the purpose of not appearing too eager, he visited Emma. He knew reasonable how to play her. When Charles returned home, Rodolphe suggested that riding might be good for Madame Bovary’s health. Charles thought it a good idea. At first, Emma objected, but Charles talked her into it. She and Rodolphe rode and walked. sometime into their first outing, Emma â€Å"abandoned herself to him. ” Charles bought her a horse. Emma and Rodolphe rode regularly, and they began exchanging garner, placing them in the cracks of a wall located near the river at the end of the garden attached to the Bovary home.\r\nIf Charles left early enough, she would vellicate off, on foot, to see Rodolphe at his estate and return to Yonville before anyone awoke. She would cry when she had to leave Rodolphe, and her farewells would go on forever. Rodolphe suggested her visits were too dangerous; she was compromising herself. So, Rodolphe began coming to the garden at night, throwing sand against the shutters, and E mma would sneak out after Charles had retired. Six months passed. Rodolphe became increasingly indifferent, and Emma became uncertain herself.\r\nOne day, news of a new surgical procedure for readiness clubfoot reached the apothecary at Rouen. Emma, who wanted more fame and excitement for her husband, and the apothecary, who wanted fame for himself, urged an un willing Charles to carry out the new surgical procedure on a lame servant at the inn. The servant was pressured and finally consented after the operation was offered to him at no charge. At first, the operation appeared successful, and Emma was delighted with Charles and his prospects. But the device in which they strapped the servant’s foot caused swelling.\r\nIn response, the device was tightened even further, and gangrene set in. A sawbones was called in for consultation. He laughed and scolded Charles. The surgeon had to amputate the servant’s leg to the thigh. Emma was no longer delighted. â€Å"Everyth ing in him [Charles] nark her now; his face, his dress, all the things he did not say, his satisfying person, in picayune, his existence. ” The disastrous operation was further proof of Charles’ stupidity and incompetence, and Emma turned to Rodolphe to fulfill her dreams. She sent Rodolphe love notes, and the two of them made plans to leave for Italy.\r\nEmma was apparently willing to leave without Berthe. When she firsts suggested the idea of going, Rodolphe asked about the fate of Berthe. Then, Emma, who had homelyly not thought of Berthe before, said they would take Berthe with them. But no further mention of Berthe was made in their succeeding plans, and Emma rarely gave Berthe any attention. Rodolphe, who had no real intentions of running off with Emma, postponed the departure on some(prenominal) occasions, and then they set a specific date. On the day of their departure, however, Rodophe sent a letter to Emma through a servant.\r\nIn the letter he termin ate the affair and announced that he was leaving without her. He had his servant echo his plans to depart, but he was not actually planning to go anywhere. Though, later in the day, he did decide to go to Rouen. Emma saw him leaving as he passed by the Bovary home. She was devastated and became ill. Charles stayed by her look for forty-three days, neglecting his own affairs. Charles thought the theatre whitethorn be good medicine, and so he and Emma went to Rouen to see an opera. The whole experience began to reawaken Emma’s romantic being.\r\nAfter the second act, Charles went to get Emma something to drink and ran into Leon. As the triad act began, the three of them left to talk elsewhere. Leon, as it turns out, after his schooling in Paris, had come to Rouen to work as a clerk. Because the three old acquaintances talked through the opera, Emma did not get to see the third act; and since Emma now seemed energized, Charles suggested that she stay the night and see the thir d act the next day. Charles, however, must return home. Emma stayed, and she and Leon began an affair.\r\nAs Flaubert wrote it, Emma and Leon apparently consummate their feelings for one other during a long carriage ride through Rouen. When she returned to Yonville, she was informed that Charles’ beget has died. Emma was by this time easily indebted to a shopkeeper and moneylender by the name of Lheureux (â€Å"the happy,” as in the seller of happiness), and he suggested that Emma obtain the power of attorney over Charles’ father’s estate. She manipulated Charles into giving her this power of attorney, and she even bring in his gratitude for going to Rouen to have Leon look over the effective papers.\r\nEmma’s stay in Rouen lasted three days, after which Leon came to Yonville at times and sent Emma secret letters. Emma then began to make weekly trips to Rouen under the pretense of victorious piano lessons. She manipulated Charles into asking her to refresh her skills in this area. She and Leon would stay in a hotel, and she was running up all kinds of debts with Lheureux, spending freely on her trips to Rouen and satisfying all of her whims. Lheureux lent her money on the value of Charles’ father’s estate. Charles was unaware of her spending and her adultery.\r\nLeon and she began seeing each other more frequently. She began billing Charles’ patients herself, without his knowledge, and selling things in order to feed on her bills. She gave Berthe no attention. Finally, somebody wrote Leon’s mother, telling her that Leon was ruining himself with a married woman. Leon’s mother wrote her son’s employer who then indicated to Leon how important it was to break off the affair. Leon wanted to end it, but he was in love. Eventually Emma’s unpaid bills ran long overdue, and her creditors obtained a judgment against her.\r\nOn her return from a visit to Rouen, the maid showed her a judgment that commanded her â€Å"by power of the king” to pay the sum of eight thousand francs. She went to Lheureux, who by this time had sell the debt at a discount to a banker at Rouen. Emma tried to talk Lheureux out of the judgment. She â€Å"even pressed her pretty white and slender hand against the shopkeeper’s knee,” but Lheureux would have none of that. She owed a vast sum of money, and the sheriff’s officers arrived to seize the family property. Emma tried frantically to raise the money.\r\nShe went to Leon at Rouen and urged him to resume the money for her, and she even suggested that he steal the money from his office. Leon tried to borrow the money from lenders, but to no avail. On the next morning, people gathering in the market read a notice indicating that the Bovarys’ article of furniture was for sale. Madame Bovary went to see the town notary. The notary was in seam with Lheureux and, so, knew all about Emma’s plight. But he listened as she told him all about it. He then made it clear, in a not so subtle manner, that he would expect a knowledgeable relationship if he were to lend her the money she needed.\r\nEmma appeared insulted by his forwardness, shouted that she was not for sale, and left in a fury. She was surely not opposed to exchanging herself for money, but the notary was too crass and straightforward about it. Had he cin one casealed it in more romantic language, she in all probability would have consented. Later, as Flaubert wrote, â€Å"perhaps she began to repent now that she had not yielded to the notary. ” At last, when she heard the sound of Charles coming home, she went to the town’s tax collector and offered herself to him in return for the money.\r\nHe was offended by Emma’s advances. While Emma was running around, thinking about how to get the money, Charles learned of his family’s financial ruin. Emma, at least, turned to Rodolphe. But even tho ugh it seemed the two of them could once again become lovers, Rodolphe was either unwilling or unable to help. Out of shame and despair, Emma poisoned herself with arsenic she obtained from the apothecarys shop through an unwitting assistant. She hoped to make her death short and sweet. She said, â€Å"Ah! It is but a little thing, death! â€Å"I shall fall asleep and all will be over. ” But she suffered long and horribly with vomiting, sweating, pain, moaning, and convulsions. Charles, unable and in no shape to help his wife, called in another doctor, but to no avail. â€Å"A final spasm threw her back upon the mattress,” and she died. Charles appears to be the true hero of the novel. He genuinely loved Emma, would have done anything for her, offered her a decent life, was a good husband, a good provider and a good father. But, he was a real homo being with real human characteristics and flaws.\r\nAt the end of the novel, however, Charles becomes a genuine romantic , engulfed by authentic and understandable emotions. Charles decided in privilege of a mausoleum for Emma’s tomb, and he wrote the following operating instructions: â€Å"I wish her to be buried in her wedding dress, with white shoes, and a wreath. Her hair is to be spread out over her shoulders. Three coffins, one oak, one mahogany, one of lead. Let no one try to overrule me; I shall have the carriage to resist him. She is to be covered with a large piece of green velvet.\r\nThis is my wish; see that it is done. The pharmacist and the priest, we are told, â€Å"were much taken aback by Bovary’s romantic ideas. ” Charles’ mother shared their view. But Charles now had become a romantic just like Emma, emotionally overwrought with the death of this woman he so dearly loved, refusing to sell any of her possessions to satisfy her debts. Flaubert writes of Charles, â€Å"He was a changed man. ” â€Å"To please her, as if she were still living, he a dopted her taste, her ideas; he bought patent leather boots and took to wearing white cravats. He cover his moustache and, just like her, signed promissory notes.\r\nShe corrupted him from beyond the grave. ” Soon, though, Charles discovered the love letters from Leon and Rodolphe hidden in a secret drawer of Emma’s desk; and, shortly thereafter, Charles died of love sickness. A surgeon â€Å"performed an autopsy, but found nothing. ” All of Charles’ belongings were sold to satisfy debts, and there remains just enough to send Berthe off to her grandmother. But the grandmother died the same year, and Berthe fell under the care of a low-down aunt who sent her â€Å"to a cottom-mill to earn a living. ”\r\n'

'Macroeconomics Tutorial Test Essay\r'

'Question 1. (i) disaccordentiate and briefly apologise the main features of the business cycle. (2 marks) line cycles are usually characterized by full stops of transition from prime quantity to trough and then from trough to peak. The peak of a business cycle is the high stain of gross domestic product preceding to a d sustainturn whereas a arena is the low organise economic activity prior to a recovery. The period in which the miserliness is pitiable from a peak to a trough is called a contraction and the period in which the economy is pathetic from a trough to peak is an Expansion.\r\n(ii) pardon the concepts of (a) emf take and (b) the product gap. (3 marks) Potential Output (y*) or full employment turnout is the take aim of gross domestic product an economy sack up stool when using its resources, much(prenominal) as mash and capital, at normal rates. This is not the same as maximum widening. Potential railroad siding grows over sentence with growth in labour and capital and with growths in technology. At any catamenia in time, the diversion in the midst of the economy’s potential getup and veritable issue is called the output gap (y †y*). A positive output gap, which occurs when actual output is higher than potential output and when resources are beingness utilised at above-normal rates, is called an expansionary gap. This is tie in to firms operating above normal capacity and goat lead them to raise prices (inflationary). On the other hand, a negative output gap, which occurs when potential output exceeds actual output and when resources are not being utilised, is called a contractionary gap. This is related to capital and labour not being fully utilised (cost in terms of forg angiotensin converting enzyme output).\r\n(iii) let off the concept of Okun’s law. contend the implications of Okun law for policymakers. (5 marks) Okun’s law states that each extra percentage point of cyclical unemploy ment is associated with about a 1.6 percentage point (for Australia) gain in the output gap, measured in relation to potential output. The quantitative relationship is (y-y*)/y* = -B(u-u*). This describes how an additional percentage point of cyclical unemployment is associated with a B percentage point decline in the output gap. The output losses associated sustained in recessions, calculated according to Okun’s law, burn down be quite significant. Calculations using this relationship depict that output gaps and cyclical unemployment may have major costs. Therefore, we can conclude with the fact that the usual and policymakers have bear on in relation to contractions and recessions.\r\nQuestion 2 (i) Discuss the role played by fixed (or sticky) prices in the Keynesian position of income determination. Briefly explain what would pass if prices were fully flexible in the curtly run. (2 marks) bracing Keynesians assume prices and wages are fixed or sticky, meaning that they do not change easy or quickly with alterations in supply and demand, so that quantity adjustment prevails. When prices are sticky, higher pile up demand raises performance, and this raises incomes. If prices were fully flexible in the short run, economy’s resources would be fully apply and thereby the economy would return to the natural level of real number GDP. Firms would stop producing when price is get off than production cost, so there would be less competition.\r\n(ii) inform the concept of Planned Aggregate using up (PAE). How does PAE differ from Actual Expenditure? (2 marks) Planned Aggregate Expenditure is the list be after spending on concluding goods and services. In counterbalance, planned usance and actual use must equal in the economy. The difference in the midst of planned and actual disbursal is unplanned line investment. When firms sell fewer products than planned, stocks of inventories increase. Because of this, actual expenditure can be above or below planned expenditure.\r\n(iii) Use the Keynesian aggregate expenditure model and appropriate diagrams to explain the following: †The paradox of penny-pinching †The piece on equilibrium GDP of an exogenous increase in exports. (6 marks)\r\nQuestion 3 (i) excuse what is meant by the multiplier? Why, in general, does a one dollar bill change in exogenous expenditure produce a larger change in short-run output? (3 marks) The income-expenditure multiplier, or the multiplier for short, is the effect of a one-unit increase in exogenous expenditure on short-run equilibrium output. For example, a multiplier of 3 means that a 6-unit decrease in exogenous expenditure reduces short-run equilibrium output by 18 units. Therefore, a one dollar change in exogenous expenditure produce a larger change in short-run output as initial mensuration of expenditure leads to raised consumption spending resulting in an increase in national income greater than the initial amou nt of spending.\r\n(ii) Explain the role played by the borderline passion to import in determining the surface of the multiplier. Other things equal, how does an increase in the bare(a) longing to import extend to the size of the multiplier? (3 marks) The marginal propensity to import is the change in imports dissever by the change in disposable income. It decides the face of the aggregate expenditures line and is part to the multiplier process. similar to taxes, the marginal propensity to import tends to lower the size of the multiplier as demand for domestically produced final examination goods and services falls. An increase in the marginal propensity to import increases the hold dear of the denominator of the equation, which then decreases the overall value of the fraction and thus the size of the multiplier.\r\n(iii) Use a diagram to illustrate the concept of short-run equilibrium in the Keynesian aggregate expenditure model. mull over the economy is initially not in equilibrium, explain the process by which the economy adjusts to equilibrium. (4 marks)\r\nQuestion 4 (i) What are the main instruments of fiscal policy? Explain how each might be used to secretive an expansionary output gap. (4 marks) Main components of Fiscal Policy: †governing expenditure: Government spending of goods and services, investment and basis directly affects total spending. If too much or too little total spending causes output gaps, the establishment can help to guide the economy toward full employment by changing its own level of spending. †Taxes or transfer even offments: In contrast, changes in tax or transfers do not affect planned spending directly. When disposable income rises households should spend more. thusly tax cut or increase in transfers should increase planned aggregate expenditure. Similarly, an increase in taxes or a cut in transfers, by lowering households’ disposable income, will tend to lower planned spending. This stimula tes spending and eliminates contractionary gap.\r\n(ii) Explain what is meant by the governance compute timidity. Indicate how it provides a contact lens between fiscal policy and state-supported debt. (3 marks) Government budget constraint is the term given to the concept that brass spending in any period had to be financial either by raising taxes or by political sympathies borrowing.We can denote regimen expenditure undertaken by the government in period t by Gt and transfer payments by Qt. Therefore, the total spending activities of the government can be renowned as Gt+ Qt. Also, the government has three means at its disposal to finance this expenditure: 1. Taxes available to be spent by government it time t †denoted by Tt. 2. Issued security when government borrows money †This is a financial asset that obliges the government to repay the loan, and pay interest, over some designated time period. Bt-2 is the stock of securities that the government still has owi ng at the end of the delay period. Any new borrowing that the government undertakes in period t will be denoted as Bt †Bt-1. The stockpile of debt that accumulates when government continues borrowing money is called the public debt. 3. Interest needed to pay on government’s stock of debt †in any time t the government pays interest of rBt-1 where r is the real rate of interest. Government expenditures (purchases, transfer payments and interest payments) in any period need to be funded by taxes or by borrowing. This is the Government budget constraint summarized as below: Gt+ Qt + rBt-1 = Tt + (Bt †Bt-1).\r\nIf we rearrange this so that gross taxes are on the left-hand side, the link between fiscal policy and the stock of public debt becomes readily apparent: Gt+ Qt †Tt + rBt-1 = (Bt †Bt-1).\r\n(iii) Explain the difference between discretionary fiscal policy and self-locking stabilisers. Which one of these will be the main influence on the size of th e structural budget shortfall? Explain. (3 marks) Discretionary fiscal policy refers to deliberate changes in the level of government spending, transfer payments or in tax rates. Automatic stabilizers refer to the tendency for a system of taxes and transfers, which are related to the level of income to automatically reduce the size of GDP fluctuations.\r\n'

'Transformation of Work\r'

'Bachelor of Science (Hons) In Marketing BMME1 1142A Type of Assign workforcet: Module: lector: Member: UOB ID No. : Date of Submission: individualist TRANSFORMATION OF WORK (BAFW4) MR JOHN NEO present LEONG KAM YONG KUAT 10038891 twenty-seventh JUNE 2012 Page 1 of 4 BMME1 1142A vicissitude of l balance (BAFW4), one-on-one Assign custodyt, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB: 10038891) A censorious review of an academic article concerned with authorized aspects of new issues of work Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls’ Jobs for the boys?Men, Masculinity and NonTraditional Occupations. Gender, imprint and Organization, Vol 9, No. 2 pp204-226 Introduction of Gender segregation of the bear on market By nature, there has continuously been occupational segregation by sexual practice in all countries. This is the case, despite the differences in economy or political situation in the dissimilar aras. withal though it has been a long while since wo custody get to participated in the working force, wo hands and workforce still course to work in different industries, for one grounds or another.Research conducted by Simon Cross and Barbara Bagilhole (2002) has shown that work force reign industries like drivers of road goods vehicles, production works, maintenance managers, storage w atomic number 18house and storekeepers, technical and wholesale representatives. And on the other end of the spectrum, nurture two occupational groups are wholl y fe phallic dominance (more than 90%); nurses and care assistants. otherwise fe priapic dominated industries including counter clerks, cashiers, catering assistants, elemental and nursery school teachers and cleaners or interior(prenominal) helpers.Unfortunately, sex segregation operates both horizontally and vertically in the working force. Not only are men and women allocated qualitatively in different battlefield or work, women happened to make up the vast absolute majority of the lower leve ls of the occupational hierarchy. Taking example from the treat assiduity in the US, men makes up only the clear minority, yet, most are strongly advance to apply for promotions into managerial positions.William (1992) has spotlighted on a rattling interesting metaphor of the ‘ provide ceiling’ to that of ‘glass escalator’ in order to reflect the men’s smooth and inexor adequate rise to aged(a) management. Many theories digest been put forward to rationalise the persistence of gender divisions in employment, and it has mainly think on women’s inability to compete on equal terms to men in the labour market. (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002) Men, masculinity and ‘non-traditional work’According to research conducted by Hearn (1992), masculinity has been found to be far from alike and it is seen not as ‘the essence of men’, save rather as a product of heathenish and historical forces. There yield been other theorie s that highlight that man who worked in nontraditional occupations tended to present a less masculine gender-type compared with men in traditional male-dominant occupations (Chusmir, 1990). Judging from the cometainment and media scene in Singapore, it seems to further prove what Chusmir (1990) has argued. 0% of make-up artist, hairstylist and means designers tend to portray a more womanly persona, moving away from the traditional male masculinity. round get to nevertheless been regarded as a ‘ king godmother’ (David Gan †Asiaone intelligence agency, 2010). It may be referable to the fact that clienteles from these industries are mainly female, thus the feminine persona, and counterbalancetually, homosexuality. But these in like manner further clarify the point that Collinson and Hearn (1996) made, that masculinities are ‘socially produced, reproduced and indeed changeable’.There are as well arguments that suggests men adopted a ‘trans formed’ masculinity in nontraditional occupations such as teaching (Galbraith 1992) and men who reject stereotyped gender roles, and who performed non-traditional work, reported subatomic or no gender role action (Luhaorg and Zivian, 1995) Page 2 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of sour (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB: 10038891) Cross and Bagihole (2002) however remark that masculinity is the shorthand for ‘gender identity’.And therefore, through this conduct of the various subjects, it looked at ways in which masculinities are defined, ‘transformed’, (re)constructed, and maintained by men working in non-traditional communication channels. Findings of the study of masculinity in non-traditional work One of the subject interviewed mention that ‘ pity is seen as a predominantly female job because batch see carers as cosmos female, and aspects of condole with like being empathic and sensitive to peopleâ₠¬â„¢s needs are seen as some(a)thing that men can’t do’.This has initiated the subject to dispute traditional ideas of appropriate gender demeanour in the work of a caring job. Another participant also highlighted the need to challenge the traditional assimilation of getting multiform in the caring scene, even though he has been introduced to traditional masculine value since young, through the doings of his father and brother. He would be deemed as different from being a ‘ rattling men’ if he would to pursue in caring work.One younger participant also noted that he have received adverse reactions when he mentioned to girls he met during a party, that he was a male nurse. He has to resort to lying about his occupation as women were not interested if he’s a nurse. The vast majority of women leave start to motion his sexual orientation or start to fate their puzzles with him. These are just a few of the challenges that the participants have s hared with regard to their sexuality and masculine identity. Nonetheless, the participants also have their fair share of attempts in repugn the challenges.A male gynaecologist who was also part of the study highlighted that he often mat up otherwise when he observed his female counterparts treating fellow female patients, and intellection it was a bit shoddy. And because of that, he strives to ensure that he handles his patients with more tact and effort to ensure that his patients felt comfortable. This has gone down with well with his patients and he has been punctually recognised for the efforts. One of the other participants, a male nurse, views his work as a lifelong rush, something that he will be doing for the rest of his life.With this attitude and approach, he tend to take the job more gravely and look to strive repair than his female counterparts, whom many an(prenominal) a times, enters the industry, viewing it just as a second job or something to do until somethi ng fall in comes along. (Re)constructing a different masculinity There are also the few that look to (re)construct a different masculinity, by identifying with their work as being better indications of their true self (Cross and Bagilhole, 2002). The participants see their job as something that genuinely brings out their true nature as a caring person.One of the male nurse involved in the study commented that he used not be able to express his emotions in public, due to the stereotypical views of the general public. But after connective the nursing industry, it has helped him to better express himself in a more liberating manner. He now has no problem sharing his emotions with people around him. This could also be the reason why based on fresh reports, it has shown that more male nurses have been reported to enter the industry (More male nurse entering the industry †Asiaone, Page 3 of 4 BMME1 1142ATransformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB: 10038891) 2010). It could also be largely due to that fact that people have grown to catch and empathise that the work one does, is not a direct reflection of your sexual orientation or personality. Conclusion Based on the studies of the various subjects, Simon and Bagilhole (2002) was able to establish that the males either attempted to maintain a traditional masculinity by distancing themselves from female colleagues, and/or partially (re)constructed a different masculinity by identifying with their non-traditional occupations.The men involved in the study have also shown to be actively maintaining traditional male values, and not challenging their gender identity. When challenged about their masculinity, some of the subjects have maintained themselves as the dominant gender by reformulating the perception of their work as being more men’s work, for example, by denying that a care-taker’s job involves caring only. It has a indisputable element of plannin g and management involved that will make the male dominance stands out. Just as how Segal (1999) argued, ‘men have remained the dominant sex by constantly refashioning masculinity’.Through this study, it is apparent that men have been able to successfully maintain their traditional advantages even in female-dominated workplaces. Even in female-dominated workplaces such as nursing, it does not naturally set the change or biasness in the women’s favour. The men’s behaviour and practices contributes to their dominance in the industry. WORKS CITED Feminine Males at heart Entertainment Industry Yoshio; http://www. whatshappening. sg/events/index. php? com=detail&eID=51825 David Gan; http://news. asiaone. com/News/The%2BNew%2BPaper/ romance/A1Story20101110 -246661. tml More male nurses entering the industry http://www. asiaone. com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100712-226496. html Cross, S. and Bagilhole, B. (2002) Girls’ Jobs for the boys? Men, Mas culinity and Non -Traditional Occupations. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol 9, No. 2 pp204-226 Chusmir, L. H. (1990) Men who make non-traditional vocation choices. Journal of Counselling and Development, 69 (September-October), 11-16 Galbraith, M. (1992) Understanding career choices of men in elementary education. ‘Journal of educational Research. 85,4 (March-April), 246-53 Hearn, J. 1992) Men in the Public Eye; The structure and Deconstruction of Public Men and Public Patriarchies. capital of the United Kingdom: Routledge Luhaorg, L. and Zivian, M. T. (1995) Gender role conflict: the interaction of gender, gender role, and occupation . Sex Roles, 33,9/10, 607-20 Segal, L. (1999) Why Feminism? Cambridge: rule Press Williams, C. L. (1992) The glass escalator: hidden advantages for men in the ‘female’ professions. Social Problems 39,3, 253-67 Page 4 of 4 BMME1 1142A Transformation of Work (BAFW4), Individual Assignment, 27th June 2012 Kam Yong Kuat (UB: 1003889 1)\r\n'